Total hip replacement is advised by doctor when both acetabulum (cup of hip joint) and femoral head (Ball of hip joint) are damaged and there articular surfaces are no longer smooth. Common disease where total hip replacement is needed includes Avascular necrosis of femoral head, rheumatoid arthritis, acetabulum fracture, femoral neck and head fracture, arthritis etc.
Hip Replacement
In a total hip replacement, ball of thigh bone (head of femur) is removed and a new, smaller artificial ball is fixed into the rest of the thigh bone. The surface of the existing socket in the pelvis (the acetabulum) is roughened to accept a new socket component that will join up (articulate) with the new ball component.
In between these two is a bearing surface which can be made up of ceramic, plastic, oxamium.
Depending on bearing surface total hip replacement can be of following types
- Metal-on-plastic (a metal ball with a plastic socket)
- Ceramic-on-plastic (a ceramic ball with a plastic socket) or ceramic-on-ceramic (where both parts are ceramic) are often used in younger, more active patients.
- Oxanium on plastic (Oxanium head and plastic socket)
Total hip replacement is mainly of two types depending on whether bone cement is used for fixation of acetabulum cup and femoral stem. If cement is used for fixation of femoral stem and acetabulum cup then it is called cemented total hip replacement. If cement is not used to fixed the acetabulum and femoral component then it is called uncemented total hip replacement.
Usually uncemented total hip replacement is used for young people with good bone quality. Whereas cemented total hip replacement is used for patients above 60 years of age who have weak bones because of osteoporosis.
Different Types Of Acetabulum And Femoral Head Components
Ceramic Femoral Head
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